6.8 Grace Notes
6.8.1 Specifying Grace Notes
Grace notes are created by supplying a value to the grace parameter.
The time, grace and duration parameters together determine where the grace note appears and how it is spelled rhythmically.
time indicates the time of the event before which the grace note appears
(grace notes with the same time are beamed together as a group).
grace can be thought of as a pseudo-time “within” the normal time specified by time.
For example, grace notes with earlier grace values appear before grace notes with later grace values,
and grace notes with equivalent grace values are grouped into chords.
duration in the context of a grace note is interpreted in a manner consistent with normal note durations.
For example, if a duration of 1/2 is normally notated as an eighth note (the default behavior),
a grace note with a duration of 1/2 is also notated as a (small-sized) eighth note.
In the example below, the time values of the grace notes determine which quarter notes they appear in front of.
grace values in each group begin at 0 and increment by the value of duration,
which in this case is always 1/4 (a sixteenth note).
To “reset' the grace parameter and indicate that a normal (non-grace) note is to be entered,
the time parameter is reiterated without a grace parameter.
time 0
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 48 ;
grace 1/4 duration 1/4 pitch 51 ;
time 0 duration 1 pitch 48 ; // `grace' is reset to no grace note
time 1
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 51 ;
time 1 duration 1 pitch 63 ; // `grace' is reset to no grace note
time 2
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 51 ;
grace 1/4 duration 1/4 pitch 53 ;
grace 1/2 duration 1/4 pitch 55 ;
time 2 duration 1 pitch 61 ;
time 3
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 70 ;
time 3 duration 1 pitch 71 ;
time 4 duration 1 pitch 56 ;
time 5
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 56 ;
time 5 duration 1 pitch 52 ;
time 6
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 53 ;
time 6 duration 1 pitch 72 ;
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Figure 6.45: Grace Notes
The following example includes slash marks, and also shows that FOMUS still outputs consecutive grace notes
despite the different grace values given (they don't begin at 0 and increment by 1).
(The slashes only appear on the single grace notes.)
time 0
grace 1 duration 1/4 pitch 48 [/] ;
grace 2 duration 1/4 pitch 51 [/] ;
time 0 duration 1 pitch 48 ; // `grace' is reset to no grace note
time 1
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 51 [/] ;
time 1 duration 1 pitch 63 ; // `grace' is reset to no grace note
time 2
grace 2 duration 1/4 pitch 51 [/] ;
grace 3 duration 1/4 pitch 53 [/] ;
grace 4 duration 1/4 pitch 55 [/] ;
time 2 duration 1 pitch 61 ;
time 3
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 70 [/] ;
time 3 duration 1 pitch 71 ;
time 4 duration 1 pitch 56 ;
time 5
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 56 [/] ;
time 5 duration 1 pitch 52 ;
time 6
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 53 [/] ;
time 6 duration 1 pitch 72 ;
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Figure 6.46: Grace Notes with Slashes
Grace note chords are shown in the following example:
time 0
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 48 ;
grace 1/4 duration 1/4 pitch 51 ;
time 0 duration 1 pitch 48 ; // `grace' is reset to no grace note
time 1
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 51 ; pitch 55 ;
time 1 duration 1 pitch 63 ; // `grace' is reset to no grace note
time 2
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 51 ;
grace 1/4 duration 1/4 pitch 53 ;
grace 1/2 duration 1/4 pitch 55 ;
time 2 duration 1 pitch 61 ;
time 3
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 70 ; pitch 74 ;
time 3 duration 1 pitch 71 ;
time 4 duration 1 pitch 56 ;
time 5
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 56 ; pitch 60 ;
time 5 duration 1 pitch 52 ;
time 6
grace 0 duration 1/4 pitch 53 ; pitch 57 ;
time 6 duration 1 pitch 72 ;
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Figure 6.47: Grace Note Chords